[Primary research on gastro-intestinal cryptosporidium incidence rate in lambs and calves in amol city, Iran]

Cryptosporidium is an ubiqutous enteric protozoan parasite that infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts. In humans and many other mammals, cryptosporidium is recognized as a significant pathogen primarily as a cause of acute, severe diarrheal illness. At this investigation animal samples [stool] were collected from 708 heads of lambs [in the beginning of the birth to three months] and 713 heads of calves [in the beginning of the birth to six months] in spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons at amol city in 1374. the samples were examinated after staining using modified zihil - nelson technique. Results showed, 29 samples of lambs [4.09%] and 28 samples of calves [3.92%] were positive, also in winter season infestation rate was higher than the other seasons [4.65%]. whereas infestation rate in animals without clinical signs is high, so this subject is a important problems for public health

Consanguinity associated with child and adult mortality in 24 Asian and African countries an ecological study

Although numerous studies have found deleterious effects of inbreeding on childhood and pre-reproductive mortality, one question remains inadequately addressed: Dose inbreeding lead to increased childhood mortality rates in countries with high level of consanguinity? To evaluate the public health impact of inbreeding on offspring mortality, the association between mean of inbreeding coefficient [alpha] and sex specific child and adult mortality rates in 24 countries from Asia and Africa was analyzed. Statistical analysis showed that countries with relatively higher rates of consanguineous marriages have higher mortality rates than the countries with lower consanguinity rates. Also, countries with relatively higher GDP per capita have lower mortality rates. After controlling the GDP per capita, significant positive correlations between alpha and child [Female: r=0.4355, df=21, P=0.038; Male: r=0.3991, df=21, P=0.059] mortality rates were observed. There was no significant correlation between alpha and adult [Female: r=0.2977, df=21, P=0.168; Male: r=0.2207, df=21, P=0.312] mortality rates, after controlling for GDP per capita. It is concluded that consanguinity influences child deaths rate independent of the GDP per capita and that a large proportion of deaths could be attributed to inbreeding in several countries due to high frequencies of consanguinity

Anti fungal effect of Echinophora platyloba extract on some common dermathophytes

Increasing usage of medicinal plants for therapeutic purposes, made a unique place for this branch of complementary medicine. While Echinophora platyloba has a folkloric usage, unfortunately has not yet reached an eligible place. This study conducted to evaluate the effect of extract of Echinophora platyloba on some common dermatophytes. 4 tubes containing diluted solutions of hydroalcoholic extract [35, 50, 150 and 250 mg/ml] have been prepared and one tube of 0 mg/mL as control hydroalcoholic. Using agar dilution method, fungi were oincubated with diluted solutions of the extract and the growth results were recorded after 21 days. Trichophyton [T] schenlaini and T. verucosum were totally sensitive. T. rubrum and Micro sporum [M] gypsum were totally resistant. T. mentagrophyte, M. canis and Epidermophyton flucosum were resistant to 35, 50 and 150 mg/ml dilutions, but they were sensitive to 250 mg/mI. T. violaseum was resistant in 35 and 50 mg/ml but sensitive to 150 and 250 mg/ml. 3 concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract [35, 50 and 150 mg/ml] may have clinical application. On the base of this study, the plant in the mentioned dilutions showed anti fungal effect against T. schoenlieinii, T. verucosum. The plant extract showed weaker antifuongal against T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Epidermophyton flocusm but this may have not good anti fungal effect against T. rubrum and T. gypseum. The next step of study may be the production of drug product and clinical assay

Frequency of genetic polymorphism of the gene encoding 16kDa clara cell secretory protein [CC16] in Shiraz, Iran

The Clara cell protein [CC16] is a small and readily diffusible protein of 16 kDa secreted by bronchiolar Clara cells in the distal airspaces. Mutation detection methods identified an adenine to guanine substitution in the CC16 gene at position 38 [A38G] downstream from the transcription initiation site within the non-coding region of exon 1. In the present study, the genetic polymorphism of CC16 was detected by PCR-based method in 175 normal individuals from Shiraz population, Fars province [south of Iran]. Initially the subjects were divided into two sex groups. Considering that there was no statistically significant differences between males and females [?2 = 5.52; df = 2; P<0.05] the sex groups were pooled. The frequencies of 38A and 38G alleles were 0.24 and 0.76 percent, respectively. The study population was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium [?2 = 2.61; df = 1; P<0.05]. The present results indicated that this polymorphism might have a geographic distribution

Down's syndrome: cytogenetic studies in 150 case in Tehran

Cytogenetic studies were performed on 150 cases of Down's syndrome [DS] in lran. The standard trisomy 21 was found in 132 [88%] and translocation-trisomy 21 [+21] in 18 [12%] patients, i.e., t [21,21] in 1[0.63%] and mosaicism in 17[11.33%] cases. The comparison of the frequencies for mosaicism between different populations such as Denmark, Hungary, Egypt, Iraq, India, Australia and Iran demonstrated a difference in geographic distribution. There was a high incidence in the north of Europe towards Egypt and Iraq which decreased towards Iran and further towards the eastern region in the Indian ocean and India and further decreased towards Australia. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant differences between the data in Iran and Copenhagen, Hungary and Australia for mosaicism and translocation +21, and India, for translocation +21. The occurrence of translocation +21 decreased significantly from Denmark towards Egypt in Africa and Iraq in southwest Asia, then it increased from Iran towards Australia in the Pacific ocean.The comparison of cells having satellite associations [SA], significantly indicated the involvement of two and three SAs in DS cases. The study on the position of chromosomes in the metaphase plate, the occurrence of chromatid breaks and endoreduplication did not present any significance in DS cases